-B-
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): The
enlargement of the prostate which can make urination difficult. The swelling of
the prostate squeezes the urethra, obstructing the flow of urine. While BPH is
common especially in men over the age of 60, it does not always cause
blockages.
Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mood disorder
that causes radical emotional changes and mood swings, from manic, restless
highs to depressive, listless lows. Most bipolar individuals experience
alternating episodes of mania and depression.
Bladder: The bag-like part of the body in which the
urine collects.
Blood Pressure: The pressure exerted by the circulating
volume of blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of
the heart. Blood pressure is regulated by the homeostatic mechanisms of the
body by the volume of the blood, the lumen of the arteries and arterioles, and
the force of cardiac contraction. In the aorta and large arteries of a healthy
young adult, blood pressure is approximately 120 mm Hg during systole and 70 mm
Hg during diastole.
Bone Density:
A measurement of the amount of calcium and other minerals in a segment of bone.
A higher mineral content indicates a higher bone density and strength, used to
detect osteoporosis or monitor its treatment.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): A pattern of behavior characterized by
impulsive acts, intense but chaotic relationships with others, identity
problems, and emotional instability.
Bound Testosterone: "Bound" testosterone refers to
testosterone molecules that circulate in the blood tightly bound to a protein
molecule called sex hormone binding globulin, or SHBG.
Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper's Gland): One of two small exocrine glands present in the
reproductive system of men, located below the prostate and discharging a
component of the seminal fluid into the urethra.
-C-
Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease): A class of diseases that involve the heart or
blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins).
Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): A central nervous
system sleep disorder in which the brain signal for breathing is delayed. CSA
if often caused by injury or disease affecting the brain stem.
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: This condition is the result of
recurrent urinary tract infections that have entered the prostate gland. It is
thought to exist for several years in some men before producing symptoms.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): An illness of unknown origin whose primary
symptom is of extreme fatigue and flu-like symptoms.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): The gradual reduction of kidney function
that may lead to permanent kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis): Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is the
most common of the categories since it accounts for 90 percent of the
prostatitis cases. It is characterized by pelvic or perineal pain without
evidence of urinary tract infection, lasting longer than 3 months, as the key symptom. The pain may increase or
decrease with certain body positions or activities. Sitting or standing for a
long time, moving your bowels, having sex, or urinating may worsen your
pain.
Chronic Stress: The response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period over
which an individual perceives he or she has no control. It involves an
endocrine system response in which occurs a release of corticosteroids. If this
continues for a long time, it can cause damage to an individual's physical and
mental health.
Cicatricial Alopecia: That is a form of permanent baldness, which occurs due to inflammation.
On this condition, the soreness could damage the hair’s follicle and then
afterwards, grew to become scars. Due to these scars, the newest hair is
averted from coming out. Scarring damage alopecia may be due to certain skin
disorders like lupus erythematosus as well as lichen planus in which
specialists are yet to discover what the main source of the soreness is.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A psychotherapeutic approach
that addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive
processes and contents through a number of goal-oriented, explicit systematic
procedures.
Constipation: Constipation is an acute or chronic condition in which bowel movements
occur less often than usual or consist of hard, dry stools that are painful or
difficult to pass. Bowel habits vary, but an adult who has not had a bowel
movement in three days is considered constipated.
Corona: The 'crown,' a ridge of flesh demarcating where the head of the penis and
the shaft join.
Corpora Cavernosa: Two chambers of the penis, filled with a spongy tissue that includes
muscles, open spaces, veins and arteries. An erection occurs when the corpora
cavernosa become engorged with blood and expand.
Corpus Spongiosum: A chamber, surrounding urethra, which becomes engorged with blood
during an erection.
Cortisol: An
important hormone in the body, secreted by the adrenal glands and involved in
the following functions and more: Proper glucose metabolism; Regulation of
blood pressure; Insulin release for blood sugar maintenance; Immune function; Inflammatory
response. Normally, it’s present in the body at higher levels in the morning,
and at its lowest at night. Although stress isn’t the only reason that cortisol
is secreted into the bloodstream, it has been termed “the stress hormone”
because it’s also secreted in higher levels during the body’s ‘fight or flight’
response to stress, and is responsible for several stress-related changes in
the body.
Cortisol Imbalance: Too much stress can keep your cortisol levels consistently elevated,
which disrupts your metabolic system. This, in turn, signals your cells to
store as much fat as possible. Worse, the fat tends to accumulate in your belly
as visceral fat, which resides behind your abdominal muscles and has more
cortisol receptors than other fat does.
Cholesterol: A white soapy substance found in the tissues
of the body and in certain foods, such as animal fats, oils, and egg yolks.
Cholesterol has been linked to heart disease and atherosclerosis. (It collects
on the walls of arteries and interferes with the flow of blood.) High levels of
cholesterol in the blood are considered to be unhealthy.
Craving: When
going through withdrawal, craving
is a psychological urge to administer a discontinued medication or recreational
drug.
Cyberphobia: Fear of computers or working on a computer.
Cystitis: Inflammation
of the bladder wall.
Cystoscopy (Cystourethroscopy): A diagnostic procedure that is used to look
at the bladder (lower urinary tract), collect urine samples, and examine the
prostate gland. Performed with an optic instrument known as a cystoscope
(urethroscope), this instrument uses a lighted tip for guidance to aid in
diagnosing urinary tract disease and prostate disease. Performed by a
urologist, this surgical test also enables biopsies to be taken or small stones
to be removed by way of a hollow channel in the cystoscope.
-D-
Decidophobia: Fear of making decisions.
Decreased Libido: Decreased
libido is a reduction in the sex drive
Defense Mechanisms: In Freudian psychoanalytic theory, defense
mechanisms are psychological strategies brought into play by the unconscious
mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality (through processes including, but
not limited to, repression, identification, or rationalization), and to
maintain a socially acceptable self-image or self-schema.
Dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA): An endogenous (naturally occurring in the human body) steroid
hormone that is needed to produce other types of hormones including estrogen
and testosterone. It is produced in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol and is
commonly called dehydroandrosterone.
Delayed Ejaculation: A
medical condition in which a man is unable to ejaculate or has persistent
difficulty ejaculating. Delayed ejaculation can be caused by chronic medical
problems, certain medications or surgery. It may also have psychological
causes. In some instances it is a combination of both physical and
psychological causes.
Delirium: A
temporary state of mental confusion and fluctuating consciousness resulting
from high fever, intoxication, shock, or other causes. It is characterized by
anxiety, disorientation, hallucinations, delusions, and incoherent speech.
Dementia: Deterioration
of intellectual faculties, such as memory, concentration, and judgment,
resulting from an organic disease or a disorder of the brain. It is sometimes
accompanied by emotional disturbance and personality changes.
Depression
(Clinical Depression): A mental state of altered mood characterized by
feelings of sadness, despair, and discouragement.
Diabetes: A
disease characterized by an inability to process sugars in the diet, due to a
decrease in or total absence of insulin production. May require injections of
insulin before meals to aid in the metabolism of sugars.
Diarrhea: The
passage of loose or watery stools, usually at more frequent than normal
intervals. Diarrhea is a symptom of many diseases and may be accompanied by nausea,
vomiting, griping, tenesmus, and other general or specific indications of a
disease.
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT): A
metabolite of testosterone that binds strongly with androgen receptors. It is
responsible for the formation of male sex-specific characteristics such as the
male genitalia and prostate.
Dizziness: A
whirling sensation and a tendency to fall.
Dopamine: A
chemical messenger in the brain and nervous system. Dopamine is thought to
control balance, movement, and other body functions. It also affects the mood
and is linked to feelings of pleasure.
Dysuria: Pain
during urination.
